Yonhap / EPA
South Korean soldiers stand guard in the demilitarized zone at the border between North and South Korea on Feb. 27.
By Louis Charbonneau and Michelle Nichols, Reuters
The United States and China reached a deal that "significantly expands" U.N. sanctions on North Korea for its third nuclear test, eliciting a renewed threat by Pyongyang on Tuesday to scrap an armistice that ended the 1950-53 Korean War.
North Korea also said it would sever a military "hotline" with the United States if South Korea and Washington pressed on with two-month-long war games.
The proposed new measures would explicitly ban the sale to Pyongyang of items coveted by North Korea's ruling elite, such as yachts and racing cars, a council diplomat said on condition of anonymity. The draft also aims to make it more difficult for Pyongyang to move funds around the world.
China's U.N. ambassador, Li Baodong, told Reuters the 15-nation Security Council was aiming for a Thursday vote on a draft sanctions resolution, which was agreed to by Washington and Beijing after three weeks of negotiations.
China is North Korea's closest ally and has a history of resisting tough sanctions on its neighbor. The Chinese envoy made clear that Beijing was displeased by North Korea's Feb. 12 nuclear test - its third since 2006 - though he cautioned against responding too harshly.
"We support action taken by the council, but we think that action should be proportionate, should be balanced and focused on bringing down the tension and focusing on the diplomatic track," Li said.
"A strong signal must be sent out that a nuclear test is against the will of the international community," he added.
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice said after a closed-door meeting of the Security Council that the new draft resolution "builds up, strengthens and significantly expands the scope of the strong U.N. sanctions already in place."
Dr. Sung-Yoon Lee, a professor of Korean studies at the Fletcher School at Tufts University, provides insight into how sanctions would impact alleged illicit business that benefits the North Korean regime.
"The sanctions contained in this resolution will significantly impede the ability of North Korea to develop further its illicit nuclear and ballistic missile programs," she said.
She said the new sanctions would target "the illicit activities of North Korean diplomatic personnel, North Korean banking relationships, (and) illicit transfers of bulk cash."
"North Korea will be subject to some of the toughest sanctions imposed by the United Nations," she told reporters.
The council diplomat said that once the resolution is approved, states will be obligated to expel any North Korean agent of a U.N.-blacklisted entity and will be required to inspect suspicious North Korean cargo on their territory. Such inspections are currently voluntary under existing U.N. rules.
It will toughen up rules for the oft-flouted ban on luxury goods for North Korea and urge states to exercise vigilance over North Korean diplomats to be sure they are not engaging in illicit activities, the diplomat said.
He added that the agreed U.S.-Chinese draft resolution was unlikely to undergo any major changes before it is approved.
Russian Ambassador Vitaly Churkin was quoted by Russian media as saying Moscow was pleased the draft resolution leaves the door open to a renewal of the stalled six-party aid-for-disarmament talks between the two Koreas, the United States, China, Russia and Japan.
Threats renewed
Developments in New York led to a new volley of bellicose rhetoric from Pyongyang.
"We will completely nullify the Korean armistice," the North's KCNA news agency said, quoting the Korean People's Army Supreme Command spokesman.
The youngest son of Kim Jong Il succeeded his late father in 2011, becoming the third member of his family to rule the unpredictable and reclusive communist state.
The spokesman called the U.S.-South Korean military exercise "a systematic act of destruction aimed at the Korean armistice." The two Koreas remain technically at war since the 1950-53 conflict ended in a truce rather than a peace treaty.
About 200,000 Korean troops and 10,000 U.S. forces are expected to be mobilized for their defensive "Foal Eagle" exercise, under the Combined Forces Command, which began on March 1 and goes until the end of April. Separate computer-simulated drills called "Key Resolve" start on March 11.
North Korea, officially called the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), has made much of hotlines with the South and the United States over the years, but has not been known ever to have used them in times of increased tension.
The latest threats were reminiscent of previous periods of high tension on the Korean peninsula.
In 1996, under pressure from severe famine after floods and in the midst of maneuvering with the United States over its nuclear program, Pyongyang announced it would no longer abide by the armistice and sent troops into the demilitarized zone between the North and the South.
In 2009, after carrying out an underground nuclear test, Pyongyang announced again that it no longer considered itself bound by the terms of the armistice.
North Korea's previous nuclear tests, in 2006 and 2009, prompted the Security Council to impose sanctions that included a ban on the import of nuclear and missile technology, an arms embargo and a ban on luxury goods imports.
There are 17 North Korean entities, including banks and trading companies, on the U.N. blacklist, and nine individuals, all linked to North Korea's nuclear and missile programs. U.N. diplomats say many more entities and individuals could be subject to international asset freezes and travel bans.
In January, the Security Council passed a resolution expanding U.N. sanctions against North Korea due to its December rocket launch and warned Pyongyang against further launches or nuclear tests. North Korea responded by threatening a new atomic detonation, which it then carried out the following month.
Beijing has supported all previous sanctions resolutions against Pyongyang but only after working hard to dilute proposed measures in negotiations on the texts. It has been concerned that tougher sanctions could further weaken the North's economy and prompt refugees to flood into China.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said on Tuesday that Washington hoped North Korea would engage in negotiations to resolve world concerns instead of threatening to scrap the 50-year-old truce with the South.
"Rather than threaten to abrogate, the world would be better served if they (North Korea) would engage in legitimate dialogue," Kerry said during a visit to Qatar.
"Our preference is not to brandish threats, but for peaceful negotiations," he added.
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This story was originally published on Tue Mar 5, 2013 9:51 AM EST
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